Regulation: R23 Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Semester: 2-2

Analog Communications

Verified vs. official syllabus Checked 2026-07-01

Sourced from an autonomous JNTUK-affiliated college's published syllabus -- autonomous colleges may adapt content slightly from the university-wide baseline.

Unit-wise syllabus

Amplitude Modulation

Need for modulation; frequency division multiplexing; AM time and frequency domain description; single-tone modulation; power relations; Generation of AM: square law and switching modulator; Detection of AM: square law detector and envelope detector
DSB and SSB Modulation

DSB-SC generation (balanced and ring modulator) and detection (coherent, Costas, squaring loop); SSB-SC generation (frequency and phase discrimination) and coherent demodulation; Vestigial sideband modulation and envelope detection; Comparison and applications of AM techniques
Angle Modulation

Phase and frequency modulation; single-tone FM; spectrum; narrowband and wideband FM; Transmission bandwidth of FM; Generation of FM: direct and indirect methods; Detection of FM: balanced discriminator, zero-crossing detector, PLL; FM vs AM
Radio Transmitters and Receivers

AM and FM transmitters; effect of feedback; frequency stability; Receiver types: TRF and superheterodyne; RF section, frequency changing and tracking; Intermediate frequency, AGC; FM receiver and amplitude limiting; Comparison of FM and AM receivers
Noise and Pulse Analog Modulation

Noise sources and noise figure; noise in DSB/SSB/AM and angle modulation systems; Threshold effect; pre-emphasis and de-emphasis; Pulse analog modulation: PAM, PWM, PPM (generation and detection); Time division multiplexing; TDM vs FDM

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