Regulation: R23 Branch: Information Technology Semester: 2-2

Database Management Systems

Verified vs. official syllabus Checked 2026-07-01

Subject names, credits, and semester placement are cross-confirmed against JNTUK's own centrally-administered exam records. Detailed unit topics are sourced from an autonomous JNTUK-affiliated college's published syllabus and have not been independently verified against the university's own document -- autonomous colleges may adapt unit-level content locally.

Unit-wise syllabus

UNIT 01

Introduction and Entity Relationship Model

Database system, characteristics (database vs file system), database users, advantages, applications; Data models; schema, instance and data independence; three-tier schema architecture; Database system structure, environment, centralized and client-server architecture; Entity Relationship model: entities, attributes, entity set, relationship, constraints, subclasses, superclass, inheritance, specialization, generalization, ER diagrams

UNIT 02

Relational Model and Basic SQL

Introduction to relational model, concepts of domain, attribute, tuple, relation, importance of null values; Constraints (domain, key constraints, integrity constraints) and their importance; Relational algebra, relational calculus; Basic SQL: simple schema, data types, table definitions (create, alter), DML operations (insert, delete, update)

UNIT 03

SQL

Basic SQL querying (select and project) using where clause, arithmetic and logical operations, SQL functions; Creating tables with relationships, implementation of key and integrity constraints; Nested queries, sub queries, grouping, aggregation, ordering; Different types of joins, views (updatable and non-updatable), relational set operations

UNIT 04

Schema Refinement (Normalization)

Purpose of normalization or schema refinement, concept of functional dependency; Normal forms based on functional dependency, lossless join and dependency preserving decomposition; 1NF, 2NF and 3NF; concept of surrogate key; Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF), MVD, fourth normal form (4NF), fifth normal form (5NF)

UNIT 05

Transactions and Indexing

Transaction concept, transaction state, ACID properties, concurrent executions, serializability, recoverability; Implementation of isolation, testing for serializability; lock based, timestamp based and optimistic concurrency protocols; Deadlocks, failure classification, storage, recovery and atomicity, recovery algorithm; Introduction to indexing techniques: B+ trees, operations on B+ trees, hash based indexing