Regulation: R23 Branch: Information Technology Semester: 2-1

Environmental Science

Verified vs. official syllabus Checked 2026-07-01

Subject names, credits, and semester placement are cross-confirmed against JNTUK's own centrally-administered exam records. Detailed unit topics are sourced from an autonomous JNTUK-affiliated college's published syllabus and have not been independently verified against the university's own document -- autonomous colleges may adapt unit-level content locally.

Unit-wise syllabus

UNIT 01

Multidisciplinary Nature & Natural Resources

Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies: definition, scope and importance, need for public awareness; Renewable and non-renewable resources; forest resources - use, over-exploitation, deforestation, timber extraction, mining, dams; Water resources - use and over-utilization, floods, drought, conflicts over water; mineral resources; Food resources - world food problems, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems; energy resources

UNIT 02

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Concept, structure and function of an ecosystem; producers, consumers and decomposers; energy flow; ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystems; Biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; bio-geographical classification of India; value of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity, endangered and endemic species; in-situ and ex-situ conservation

UNIT 03

Environmental Pollution and Solid Waste Management

Air, water, soil, marine, noise, thermal pollution and nuclear hazards - causes, effects and control measures; Solid waste management: causes, effects and control of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides

UNIT 04

Social Issues and the Environment

From unsustainable to sustainable development; urban problems related to energy; water conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; environmental ethics: issues and possible solutions; Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents; wasteland reclamation; consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act, Air Act, Water Act, Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act; issues in enforcement; public awareness

UNIT 05

Human Population and the Environment

Population growth, variation among nations, population explosion, family welfare programmes; Environment and human health, human rights, value education; HIV/AIDS, women and child welfare, role of information technology in environment and human health; Field work: visit to a local area/polluted site; study of common plants, insects and birds