Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines

Properties of fluids: specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, vapor pressure; Atmospheric, gauge and vacuum pressure; measurement of pressure; Manometers: piezometer, U-tube, inverted and differential; Pascal's and hydrostatic laws; Buoyancy and flotation: metacenter, stability of floating and submerged bodies

Flow types; continuity equation; circulation and vorticity; stream, path and streak lines; stream function and velocity potential; Euler's and Bernoulli's equations; momentum equation and force on a pipe bend; Closed conduit flow; Reynold's experiment; Darcy-Weisbach equation; Minor losses; pipes in series and parallel; hydraulic gradient and total energy lines

Momentum integral equation; displacement, momentum and energy thickness; Separation of boundary layer and control of flow separation; streamlined and bluff body; Dimensional analysis; dimensional homogeneity; Method of repeating variables and Buckingham Pi theorem

Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes; velocity diagrams; Work done and efficiency; flow over radial vanes; Classification of turbines; impulse and reaction turbines; Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; draft tube theory, functions and efficiency

Geometric similarity; unit and specific quantities; characteristic curves; governing; cavitation; Centrifugal pumps: working, work done, manometric head, losses and efficiencies, specific speed; Pumps in series and parallel; NPSH; Reciprocating pumps: working, discharge, slip, indicator diagrams