Fluid Mechanics

Distinction between fluid and solid; density, specific weight and gravity; kinematic and dynamic viscosity, Newton's law of viscosity; Vapor pressure, surface tension, capillarity, bulk modulus of elasticity, compressibility; Fluid pressure: pressure at a point, Pascal's law, variation with temperature/density/altitude; Piezometer, U-tube, single column and differential manometers; pressure gauges

Hydrostatic pressure and force on horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces; Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies; Centre of buoyancy and metacenter; Conditions of equilibrium for floating and submerged bodies

Classification of fluid flow: steady/unsteady, uniform/non-uniform, laminar/turbulent, rotational/irrotational, compressible/incompressible, ideal/real, 1D/2D/3D; Stream line, path line, streak line and stream tube; Stream function and velocity potential function; One, two and three dimensional continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates

Surface and body forces; Euler's equation; Bernoulli's equation - derivation; energy principle; Applications of Bernoulli's equation: venturimeter, orifice meter and Pitot tube; Momentum principle; forces exerted by fluid flow on a pipe bend; Free and forced vortex flow - governing equations and applications

Energy losses in pipelines; Darcy-Weisbach equation; minor losses; Hydraulic grade line and total energy line; concept of equivalent length; Pipes in series and parallel; Dimensionless numbers: Reynolds, Froude, Mach, Weber and Euler numbers