Thermodynamics

System, boundary, surroundings, types of systems, macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints, control mass and volume, continuum; Properties, state, process (reversible and irreversible), cycle, quasi-static process, thermodynamic equilibrium; Path and point functions, specific heat, internal energy, enthalpy; Zeroth law of thermodynamics, measurement of temperature, constant volume gas thermometer

First law for a closed system undergoing change of state and a cycle; p-v representation; forms of stored energy; Mechanical and non-mechanical work transfer; pdV and other work transfer; Open system: control volume, flow work, steady flow energy equation (SFEE); Steady flow devices (nozzles, diffusers, turbine, compressors, throttling valves, heat exchangers); limitations of the first law; PMM-I

Energy reservoirs, heat engine, refrigerator, heat pump; Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence; PMM-II; Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem and corollary; Entropy, principle of entropy increase, T-s plot, Clausius inequality, entropy changes for ideal gases; Availability and irreversibility, Maxwell relations, third law of thermodynamics

Equation of state, Avogadro's law, ideal/perfect/real gas; Dalton's and Amagat's laws; Internal energy, enthalpy, specific heats and entropy of gas mixtures; Pure substance: phases, p-v, p-T, T-s and h-s diagrams, p-v-T surface; Properties of steam, dryness fraction, phase change processes, Mollier chart

Carnot vapour cycle; simple Rankine cycle and problems; Gas power cycles: Otto, Diesel, Dual and Brayton cycles; Refrigeration cycles: reversed Carnot and Bell-Coleman cycles; Working of the vapour compression refrigeration cycle